Might democracy threaten ordinary politics? The American founders were not democrats in the contemporary sense of that term but were building a republican constitution with limited democratic elements, embodied especially in Congress’ lower chamber, the House of Representatives. Nearly a century later, Canada’s Fathers of Confederation established a constitution “similar in principle to that of the United Kingdom” (Constitution Act, 1867). Here too the new dominion was to be a careful balance of monarchical, aristocratic, and democratic elements, although the term republic was not used for obvious reasons.
Beginning in the 20th century, however, both systems came to be described as democracies without qualification. In Canada, the powers of the nondemocratic institutions, especially the governor general (representing the monarch) and the Senate (appointed by the governor general on the prime minister’s advice), effectively atrophied, with the prime minister gaining more power—all in the name of democracy.





































